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  1. Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the Qieyun, a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions.

  2. Middle Chinese language. Also known as: Ancient Chinese language. Learn about this topic in these articles: Chinese languages. In Chinese languages. … (8th to 3rd century bc ), Ancient (Middle) Chinese (through ad 907), and Modern Chinese (from c. the 10th century to modern times).

  3. Mandarin (traditional Chinese: 官話; simplified Chinese: 官话; pinyin: Guānhuà; lit. 'official speech') was the common spoken language of administration of the Chinese empire during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

  4. Middle Chinese phonology, as a period of the Chinese language, also has its variants in time and space. It has been proposed that Middle Chinese should be further divided into two periods: Early Middle Chinese and Late Middle Chinese. The former is represented by the Qièyùn 切韻 and the latter by early rhyme tables such as the Yùnjìng 韻鏡.

  5. Keywords: Chinese, Middle Chinese, Qièyùn, rimes, Divisions, phonetic history. The goal of this article is to explain the nature and the diachronic origin of what is known as the four Divisions system of Middle Chinese, and to understand the way this four-way system was elaborated by its authors.