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John Pope (Louisville, Kentucky, 16 de março de 1822 – Sandusky, Ohio, 23 de setembro de 1892) foi um militar dos Estados Unidos da América e general na Guerra Civil Americana. Ele conseguiu bom desempenho no Teatro Ocidental, mas ficou melhor conhecido pela derrota na Segunda Batalha de Bull Run no Teatro Oriental da Guerra ...
John Pope was a career U.S. Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War. He fought in the Mexican–American War, the Dakota War, and the Apache Wars, and was defeated by Stonewall Jackson at Second Bull Run.
19 de set. de 2024 · John Pope was a Union general in the American Civil War who was relieved of command following the Confederate triumph at the Second Battle of Bull Run. A graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1842, Pope served as a topographical engineer with the army throughout most of the 1840s.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Learn about John Pope, a career United States Army officer who fought in the Western and Eastern theaters of the Civil War. He captured Island No. 10 and led the Army of Virginia at the Second Battle of Manassas.
- Early Life
- U.S. Military Academy Cadet
- Mexican-American War
- Marriage
- Civil War
- Reconstruction Assignments
- Retirement
- Death
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John Pope was born on March 16, 1822, in Louisville, Kentucky. He was the son of Nathaniel Pope and Lucretia (Backers) Pope. His family moved to Kaskaskia, Illinois on the Mississippi River when he was a youngster. Pope’s father was a federal judge in the Illinois Territory who presided over cases argued by the future President of the United States...
Pope attended local schools and received an appointment to the United States Military Academy in 1838. Among his classmates were future Confederate generals James Longstreet, Richard H. Anderson, Earl Van Dorn, and Lafayette McLaws, and future Union general William S. Rosecrans. Pope graduated in 1842, seventeenth in a class of fifty-six cadets. Hi...
Like many West Point graduates and future Civil War officers, Pope fought in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). The army promoted him to second lieutenant on May 9, 1846. Pope also received a brevet promotion to first lieutenant on September 23, 1846, for “gallant and meritorious conduct” during the Battle of Monterrey and a brevet promotion to ...
In 1859, officials transferred Pope to Cincinnati, Ohio to design lighthouses for the Great Lakes. While living there, he became engaged in politics as a member of the emerging Republican Party. His political activities may have led to his acquaintance with Clara Horton, the daughter of Ohio Congressman Valentine B. Horton. After a brief courtship,...
Union Officer
After Abraham Lincoln attained the presidency, the army selected Pope as one of four army officers to escort the president-elect during his train trip from Illinois to his inauguration in Washington, DC. When the American Civil War erupted, Pope offered his services to Lincoln as an aide. Instead, Lincoln appointed him as a brigadier general of volunteers on June 14, 1861 (effective May 17), even though Pope had no experience commanding troops in battle during his military career.
Conspiring against John C. Frémont
Pope’s first Civil War assignment was recruiting volunteers in Chicago. Shortly thereafter, officials assigned him to the Department of the West, serving under Major General John C. Frémont. Pope disliked Frémont and secretly conspired against him. Political circumstances eventually led President Lincoln to relieve Frémont of his command on November 2, 1861, and to replace him with Major General Henry Halleck.
Action Against Island No. 10
On February 23, 1862, Halleck placed Pope in charge of the District of the Mississippi, Department of the Missouri, including field command of the Army of the Mississippi. Shortly thereafter, Pope marched on the Mississippi River town of New Madrid, Missouri, and forced a Confederate withdrawal on March 14, 1862. Then, with the help of Flag Officer Andrew Hull Foote, Pope moved against the Rebel stronghold on Island No. 10. Pope gained national recognition when he forced the 7,000-man Confede...
On April 1, 1867, authorities placed Pope in charge of the Reconstruction Third Military District. His staunch support of voting rights for Afro-Americans during his tenure as military governor prompted President Andrew Johnson to replace him with George Meadeon December 28, 1867. Pope next assumed command of the Department of the Lakes, headquarte...
On March 3, 1870, authorities reassigned Pope to command the Division of the Pacific and the Department of California. He served in that capacity until March 16, 1886, when he retired from the army at age sixty-four.
Following his retirement, Pope lived in St. Louis, Missouri. He died at Sandusky, Ohio on September 23, 1892, while visiting his brother-in-law, Union General Manning F. Force, who was superintendent of the Ohio Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home in that city. Pope was buried next to his wife in Bellefontaine Cemetery, in St. Louis.
Learn about John Pope, a controversial Union general who commanded the Army of Virginia and fought at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Find out his early life, military career, political activities, and controversies during the Civil War.
- Harry Searles
John Pope (Louisville, Kentucky, 16 de março de 1822 – Sandusky, Ohio, 23 de setembro de 1892) foi um militar dos Estados Unidos da América e general na Guerra Civil Americana. Ele conseguiu bom desempenho no Teatro Ocidental, mas ficou melhor conhecido pela derrota na Segunda Batalha de Bull Run no Teatro Oriental da Guerra Civil Americana.
Learn how John Pope led a daring campaign to capture Island No. 10 and New Madrid, a key Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River, in 1862. The article covers the geography, defenses, and challenges of the operation, as well as the role of the Union ironclads and the Carondelet.
