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Sir Augustus Frederick d'Este, KCH (13 January 1794 – 28 December 1848) was a relative of the British royal family and the earliest recorded person for whom a definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis can be made. He was the only son of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex and his wife Lady Augusta Murray.
- Augustus Frederick Hanover, 13 January 1794, London, Great Britain
- 28 December 1848 (aged 54), Ramsgate, Kent
23 de jan. de 2024 · Principado. Político nato, Augusto era visto como inteligente e comunicativo, bem como tenaz e astuto, e cedo se apercebeu que teria de ser astuto e sábio para evitar os seus próprios Idos de Março. Tinha aprendido com o assassinato de Júlio César e era suficientemente inteligente para evitar os erros que os seus antecessores tinham cometido.
- Donald L. Wasson
Sir Augustus Frederick D’Esté (1794–1848) was an illegitimate royal child, a bachelor, an active member of the Aborigines Protection Society, and the earliest known person diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. For 24 years D’Esté kept a diary, currently held in the Royal College of Physicians’ archives, which documents what he called ‘my case’.
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian ( Latin: Octavianus ), was the founder of the Roman Empire. He reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. [a] The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult, as well as an era of imperial ...
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- Polychromy
- Iconography
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- Location Within The Villa
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The imagery on the lorica musculata cuirass (typical of legates) refers to the Parthian restitution of the Roman eagles, or insignia, in 20 BC, one of Augustus' most significant diplomatic accomplishments. The date of the (hypothetical) bronze original is therefore later than 20 BC. The fact that Augustus is depicted barefooted is intended to be a ...
Augustus is shown in his role of "Imperator", the commander of the army, as thoracatus —or commander-in-chief of the Roman army (literally, thorax-wearer)—meaning the statue should form part of a commemorative monument to his latest victories; he is in military clothing, carrying a consular baton and raising his right hand in a rhetorical adlocutio...
It is almost certain that the Augustus was originally painted, but so few traces remain today (having been lost in the ground and having faded since discovery) that historians have had to fall back on old watercolors and new scientific investigations for evidence. Vincenz Brinkmann of Munich researched the use of color on ancient sculpture in the 1...
Portrait
The haircut is made up of divided, thick strands of hair, with a strand directly over the middle of Augustus's forehead framed by other strands over it. From the left two strands stray onto the forehead, and from the right three strands, a hairstyle first found on this statue. This hairstyle also marks this statue out as Augustus from comparison with his portrait on his coinage, which can also give a date to it. This particular hairstyle is used as the first sign identifying this portrait typ...
Breastplate relief
The statue's iconography is frequently compared to that of the carmen saeculare by Horace, and commemorates Augustus's establishment of the Pax Romana. The breastplate is carved in relief with numerous small figures depicting the return, thanks to the diplomacy of Augustus, of the Roman legionary eagles or aquilae lost to Parthia by Mark Antony in the 40s BC and by Crassusin 53 BC. The figure in the centre, according to the most common interpretation, is the subjected Parthian king (Phraates...
Divine status
During his lifetime, Augustus did not wish to be depicted as a god (unlike the later emperors who embraced divinity), but this statue has many thinly-veiled references to the emperor's "divine nature", his genius. Augustus is shown barefoot, which indicates that he is a hero and perhaps even a divus, and also adds a civilian aspect to an otherwise military portrait. Being barefoot was only previously allowed on images of the gods, but it may[citation needed] also imply that the statue is a po...
The Prima Porta-type of statues of Augustus, of which Augustus of Prima Porta is the most famous example, became the prevailing representational style for him. This type was introduced around 27 BC to visually express the title Augustus and was copied full-length and in busts in various versions throughout the empire up until his death in AD 14. Th...
The statue of Augustus of Prima Porta was discovered within the Villa of Livia in 1863, however little is known about the discovery itself and its immediate aftermath, as the incomplete archaeological journals leave ambiguous evidence for modern historians. As such, the exact location of the statue within the villa is unknown. Suggested sites are t...
Sources
1. Smith, Roland R. R. (1996). "Typology and diversity in the portraits of Augustus". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 9: 30–47. doi:10.1017/S1047759400016482. S2CID 164736415.
In German 1. Heinz Kähler: Die Augustusstatue von Primaporta. Köln 1959. 2. Erika Simon: Der Augustus von Prima Porta. Bremen, Dorn 1959. (Opus nobile 13) 3. Hans Jucker: Dokumentationen zur Augustusstatue von Primaporta, in: Hefte des Archäologischen Seminars Bern 3 (1977) S. 16–37. 4. Paul Zanker: Augustus und die Macht der Bilder. München, C. H....
- Unknown
- Vatican Museums, Vatican City
- 1st century AD
- White marble
17 de out. de 2009 · The personal diary of Sir Augustus d’Esté, born 1794 grandson of King George III of England, reveals a medical history strongly suggesting that Augustus suffered from multiple sclerosis (MS). It could well be the first record of a person having this disease.
23 de jan. de 2024 · Principate. A natural politician, Augustus was seen to be both intelligent and communicative as well as tenacious and cunning, and he soon realized he would need to be cunning and wise to avoid his own Ides of March. He had learned from the assassination of Julius Caesar and was smart enough to avoid the mistakes his predecessors had made.
