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  1. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Leo_TolstoyLeo Tolstoy - Wikipedia

    Há 6 horas · Leo Tolstoy at age 20, c. 1848. Tolstoy was born at Yasnaya Polyana, a family estate 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Tula, and 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Moscow. He was the fourth of five children of Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1794–1837), a veteran of the Patriotic War of 1812, and Princess Mariya Tolstaya (née Volkonskaya; 1790 ...

  2. Há 1 dia · Childhood (1821–1836) Fyodor Dostoevsky, born on 11 November [ O.S. 30 October] 1821 in Moscow, was the second child of Dr. Mikhail Dostoevsky and Maria Dostoevskaya (born Nechayeva). He was raised in the family home in the grounds of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, which was in a lower class district on the edges of Moscow. [13]

  3. Há 6 horas · v. t. e. Jewish history is the history of the Jews, their nation, religion, and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions, and cultures. Jews originated from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah, two related kingdoms that emerged in the Levant during the Iron Age.

  4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Ayn_RandAyn Rand - Wikipedia

    Há 1 dia · Ayn Rand. Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; [c] February 2 [ O.S. January 20], 1905 – March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand ( / aɪn / EYEN ), was a Russian-born American author and philosopher. [3] She is known for her fiction and for developing a philosophical system she named Objectivism.

  5. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › MarxismMarxism - Wikipedia

    Há 6 horas · Overview This section relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources. (September 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Karl Marx in 1875 Friedrich Engels in 1877 Marxism seeks to explain social phenomena within any given society by analysing the material conditions and economic activities required to fulfill ...

  6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › GnosticismGnosticism - Wikipedia

    Há 1 dia · Page from the Gospel of Judas. Mandaean Beth Manda ( Mashkhanna) in Nasiriyah, southern Iraq in 2016, a contemporary-style mandi. Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek: γνωστικός, romanized: gnōstikós, Koine Greek: [ɣnostiˈkos], 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD ...

  7. Há 1 dia · For other uses, see Thirty Years War (disambiguation). The Thirty Years' War [j] was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, or disease, while parts of present-day ...