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Number of native speakers of each Romance language, as fractions of the total 690 million (2007) The Romance language most widely spoken natively today is Spanish, followed by Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian, which together cover a vast territory in Europe and beyond, and work as official and national languages in dozens of countries.
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages —a sub-family of the Indo-European languages —along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is also referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish ...
The New York Times, noting the longstanding debate among scholars over the origins of the Indo-European language group, stated, "Anthony is not the first scholar to make the case that Proto-Indo-European came from [the steppes of southern Ukraine and Russia], but given the immense array of evidence he presents, he may be the last one who has to."
As the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) broke up, its sound system diverged as well, as evidenced in various sound laws associated with the daughter Indo-European languages . Especially notable is the palatalization that produced the satem languages, along with the associated ruki sound law. Other notable changes include:
The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. Indo-European languages.
Meier-Brügger, Michael Indo-European Linguistics. With contributions by Matthias Fritz and Manfred Mayrhofer. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 2003. 386 p. ISBN 3110174332; Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin, Russel D. Gray & Quesntin D. Atkinson, Nature 426, 435-439
Some are based on Indo-European languages (e.g. Krio from English in Sierra Leone and the very similar Pidgin in Nigeria, Ghana and parts of Cameroon; Cape Verdean Creole in Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau Creole in Guinea-Bissau and Senegal, all from Portuguese; Seychellois Creole in the Seychelles and Mauritian Creole in Mauritius, both from French); some are based on Arabic (e.g. Juba Arabic ...
